In 2025, most of the world’s poorest nations are in Sub-Saharan Africa, with Afghanistan being the only exception.
Despite being one of the fastest-growing regions, Sub-Saharan Africa continues to face significant economic hurdles, including rapid population growth, political instability, extreme weather conditions, and frequent government takeovers. These challenges slow down progress and limit opportunities for sustainable development.
Here are the top 10 poorest countries in 2025, based on GDP per capita:
1. South Sudan ($960.24)
Since gaining independence in 2011, South Sudan has been plagued by civil war and poor governance. The country relies heavily on oil exports but faces severe food shortages and depends on international aid for survival.
2. Burundi ($1,010)
With a dense population and limited resources, Burundi struggles with political instability and economic hardships. Most people rely on subsistence farming, but recurring droughts and poor soil quality lead to persistent food shortages.
3. Central African Republic ($1,310)
Despite being rich in natural resources like diamonds and gold, the Central African Republic remains economically weak due to ongoing conflicts and the influence of armed groups. Corruption and mismanagement further hinder growth.
4. Malawi ($1,760)
Malawi’s economy depends heavily on agriculture, making it vulnerable to droughts and floods. High population growth, food insecurity, rising debt, and inflation contribute to its economic struggles.
5. Mozambique ($1,790)
Despite vast natural gas reserves, Mozambique faces setbacks due to corruption, poor governance, and terrorist activity, particularly in the northern region, which disrupts economic growth and investment.
6. Somalia ($1,900)
Decades of conflict, terrorism, and weak governance have left Somalia with a fragile economy. Issues like piracy, political instability, and lack of investment make it difficult to achieve sustained economic progress.
7. Democratic Republic of the Congo ($1,910)
The DRC is rich in valuable minerals, but ongoing conflicts, corruption, and inadequate infrastructure keep the country underdeveloped. Despite its natural wealth, poverty remains widespread.
8. Liberia ($2,000)
Still recovering from years of civil war and the devastating Ebola outbreak, Liberia faces economic struggles due to corruption, a weak healthcare system, and reliance on exports like rubber and iron ore, which are subject to global price fluctuations.
9. Yemen ($2,020)
Yemen’s economy has collapsed due to prolonged civil war, leading to widespread famine, displacement, and economic devastation. The conflict has severely restricted access to basic necessities and services.
10. Madagascar ($2,060)
Political instability and frequent natural disasters, including cyclones and droughts, weaken Madagascar’s agriculture-based economy, resulting in food insecurity and persistent poverty.
Final Thoughts
While many of these countries have potential for economic growth, overcoming challenges such as conflict, corruption, and climate-related disasters will be crucial in improving their living standards and achieving long-term development.
